Product Name:
HTT-pS421
Product Number:
ab-pn829
Target Full Name: Huntingtin
Target Alias: HD; HD protein; HDH; Huntington's disease protein; Huntington's disease protein homolog; IT15; NT17
Product Type Specific: Huntingtin phosphosite-specific antibody
Antibody Code: PN829
Antibody Target Type: Phosphosite-specific
Antibody Phosphosite: S421
Protein UniProt: P42858
Protein SigNET: HTT
Antibody Type: Polyclonal
Antibody Host Species: Rabbit
Antibody Immunogen Source: Synthetic phosphopeptide patterned after human HTT
Antibody Immunogen Sequence: CSRSG(pS)IVE
Antibody Immunogen Description: Corresponds to amino acid residues S417 to E424. S419 phosphorylation stimulates activity, and induces interactions with KIF5B and dynactin 1. This is one of the more prominent in vivo phosphorylation sites in HTT (≥52 mass spectrometry reports recorded in PhosphoSitePlus). Huntingtin is known to be phosphorylated at this site in vitro by Akt1 (PKBa), Akt3 (PKBg), and SGK1.
Production Method: The immunizing peptide was produced by solid phase synthesis on a multipep peptide synthesizer and purified by reverse-phase hplc chromatography. Purity was assessed by analytical hplc and the amino acid sequence confirmed by mass spectrometry analysis. This peptide was coupled to KLH prior to immunization into rabbits. New Zealand White rabbits were subcutaneously injected with KLH-coupled immunizing peptide every 4 weeks for 4 months. The sera from these animals was applied onto an agarose column to which the immunogen peptide was thio-linked. Antibody was eluted from the column with 0.1 M glycine, pH 2.5. Subsequently, the antibody solution was neutralized to pH 7.0 with saturated Tris.
Antibody Modification: Unconjugated. Contact KInexus if you are interest in having the antibody biotinylated or coupled with fluorescent dyes.
Antibody Concentration: 1 mg/ml
Storage Buffer: Phosphate buffered saline pH 7.4, 0.05% Thimerasol
Storage Conditions: For long term storage, keep frozen at -40°C or lower. Stock solution can be kept at +4°C for more than 3 months. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Product Use: Western blotting | Antibody microarray
Antibody Dilution Recommended: 2 µg/ml for immunoblotting
Antibody Species Reactivity: This antibody detects the target phosphoprotein in the following species due to conservation of amino acid sequence: Human | Chimpanzee | Rhesus macaque | Dog | Rat | Mouse | Chicken | Zebra fish | Tiger blowfish.
Related Product 1: HTT S13+S16 phosphorylation antibody (Cat. No.: AB-PN827)
Related Product 2: HTT S417+S419 phosphorylation antibody (Cat. No.: AB-PN828)
Scientific Background: HTT (Huntingtin) is a large, 348-kDa protein essential for neurodevelopment, particularly in the brain, and functions as a scaffold for protein-protein interactions, vesicle transport, endocytosis, and autophagy. It is crucial for embryonic development, maintaining neurotransmitter release and neuronal health, axonal transport (e.g., BDNF trafficking) and the transport of other vesicles along microtubules, and protecting cells from apoptosis. It is composed of 3,144 amino acids with an N-terminal polyglutamine (polyQ) tract and HEAT repeats arranged in a superhelical structure, which facilitates its interaction with numerous partners like HAP40. In Huntington's disease, a mutation that causes an expansion of the polyQ tract, the protein becomes misfolded, aggregates, and become toxic, leading to neuronal dysfunction and neurodegeneration. It is ubiquitously expressed, with high concentrations in the brain in nerve fibers, varicosities, and nerve endings. In the brain, the regions where it can be mainly found are the cerebellar cortex, the neocortex, the striatum, and the hippocampal formation. HTT is found in the cytoplasm, often associated with vesicles and microtubules, and can move to the nucleus. It is associated with organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum, microtubules, and mitochondria. This description may include information annotated by UniProt and/or Google AI.