Product Name:
GluR2-pY876
Product Number:
ab-pn823
Target Full Name: Glutamate receptor 2
Target Alias: GluR-2; GluR-B; GluR-K2; Glutamate receptor ionotropic, AMPA 2; GRIA2
Product Type Specific: GluR2 phosphosite-specific antibody
Antibody Code: PN823
Antibody Target Type: Phosphosite-specific
Antibody Phosphosite: Y876
Protein UniProt: P42262
Protein SigNET: GluR2
Antibody Type: Polyclonal
Antibody Host Species: Rabbit
Antibody Immunogen Source: Synthetic phosphopeptide patterned after human GluR2
Antibody Immunogen Sequence: CGYNV(pY)GIE
Antibody Immunogen Description: Corresponds to amino acid residues G872 to E879. Y876 phosphorylation inhibits interaction with GRIP1. This is the major site of in vivo phosphorylation of GluR2 with ≥114 mass spectrometry reports recorded in PhosphoSitePlus.
Production Method: The immunizing peptide was produced by solid phase synthesis on a multipep peptide synthesizer and purified by reverse-phase hplc chromatography. Purity was assessed by analytical hplc and the amino acid sequence confirmed by mass spectrometry analysis. This peptide was coupled to KLH prior to immunization into rabbits. New Zealand White rabbits were subcutaneously injected with KLH-coupled immunizing peptide every 4 weeks for 4 months. The sera from these animals was applied onto an agarose column to which the immunogen peptide was thio-linked. Antibody was eluted from the column with 0.1 M glycine, pH 2.5. Subsequently, the antibody solution was neutralized to pH 7.0 with saturated Tris.
Antibody Modification: Unconjugated. Contact KInexus if you are interest in having the antibody biotinylated or coupled with fluorescent dyes.
Antibody Concentration: 0.3 mg/ml
Storage Buffer: Phosphate buffered saline pH 7.4, 0.05% Thimerasol
Storage Conditions: For long term storage, keep frozen at -40°C or lower. Stock solution can be kept at +4°C for more than 3 months. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Product Use: Western blotting | Antibody microarray
Antibody Dilution Recommended: 2 µg/ml for immunoblotting
Antibody Species Reactivity: This antibody detects the target phosphoprotein in the following species due to conservation of amino acid sequence: Human | Rat | Mouse.
Related Product 1: GluA1/GluR1 Glutamate Receptor expression antibody (Cat. No.: AB-NN263-1)
Related Product 2: GluR1 S849 phosphorylation antibody (Cat. No.: AB-PN822)
Related Product 3: GluN1/NR1 expression antibody (Cat. No.: AB-NN264-1)
Related Product 4: GluN2A/NR2A expression antibody (Cat. No.: AB-NN297-1)
Related Product 5: GluN2A/NR2A expression antibody (Cat. No.: AB-NN297-2)
Scientific Background: GluR2 (also known as GluA2, Glutamate Receptor 2, or GRIA2) is a critical protein subunit of the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) receptor, a type of ionotropic glutamate receptor that mediates the majority of fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system (CNS). It belongs to the glutamate-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.10.1) family, GRIA2 subfamily. It functions as a ligand-gated cation channel, gated by L-glutamate and glutamatergic agonists such as AMPA, quisqualic acid, and kainic acid. Binding of these agonists to GluR1 induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and conversion of the chemical signal to an electrical impulse. The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state with the bound agonist. In the presence of CACNG4 or CACNG7 or CACNG8, GLuR2 shows resensitization which is characterized by a delayed accumulation of current flux upon continued exposure to glutamate. Through complex formation with NSG1, GRIP1 and STX12, GluR2 controls the intracellular fate of AMPAR and the endosomal sorting of the GRIA2 subunit toward recycling and membrane targeting. The presence of the GluR2 subunit in a heteromeric AMPA receptor (usually with GluA1, GluA3, or GluA4) renders the channel impermeable to calcium (Ca2+) ions. This is due to RNA editing. In the pre-mRNA of GluR2, the Q/R site is encoded as Glutamine (Q) at position 607. Through A-to-I RNA editing catalyzed by the enzyme ADAR2, this is converted to Arginine (R). This Arg residue in the pore loop blocks calcium permeability. GluR2 plays a crucial role in receptor assembly, trafficking, and stabilization at the synapse. GluR2 is heavily involved in long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). LTD is often associated with the internalization of GluR2-containing AMPA receptors. GluR2 features four main domains: N-Terminal Domain (NTD) (involved in receptor assembly and tetramerization); Ligand-Binding Domain (S1S2) (binds the neurotransmitter glutamate); Transmembrane Domain (M1-M4) (forms the ion channel pore); and C-Terminal Domain. The cytoplasmic C-terminal tail of GluR2 interacts with proteins such as NSF (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor) and GRIP1/ABP, which manage its insertion and stability at the postsynaptic membrane. RNA editing of GluR2 is essential for life. Defective editing, leading to increased calcium-permeable AMPA receptors, causes severe seizures and premature death in animal models. Reduced expression of GluR2 (or reduced editing) has been implicated in excitotoxicity, particularly in diseases like Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), ischemia, and epilepsy. This description may include information annotated by UniProt and/or Google AI.