Product Name:
eIF2⍺-pS52
Product Number:
ab-pn820
Target Full Name: Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha
Target Alias: 65 kDa eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A; EIF-2A; Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A, 65kDa
Product Type Specific: eIF2a (EIF2S1) phosphosite-specific antibody
Antibody Code: PN820
Antibody Target Type: Phosphosite-specific
Antibody Phosphosite: S52
Protein UniProt: P05198
Protein SigNET: eIF2⍺
Antibody Type: Polyclonal
Antibody Host Species: Rabbit
Antibody Immunogen Source: Synthetic phosphopeptide patterned after human eIF2⍺
Antibody Immunogen Sequence: CSEL(pS)RRR
Antibody Immunogen Description: Corresponds to amino acid residues S49 to R55. S53 has phosphorylation has been reported to increased and inhibit activity. It is a minor site of in vivo phosphorylation with ≥2 mass spectrometry reports recorded in PhosphoSitePlus, but there has been at least 141 reports for this sites phosphorylation in low throughput studies. eIF2a is known to be phosphorylated at this site in vitro by ERK2 (MAPK1), HRI (EIF2AK1), MARK2, p38a, PERK, PKR (EIF2AK2), and RSK2.
Production Method: The immunizing peptide was produced by solid phase synthesis on a multipep peptide synthesizer and purified by reverse-phase hplc chromatography. Purity was assessed by analytical hplc and the amino acid sequence confirmed by mass spectrometry analysis. This peptide was coupled to KLH prior to immunization into rabbits. New Zealand White rabbits were subcutaneously injected with KLH-coupled immunizing peptide every 4 weeks for 4 months. The sera from these animals was applied onto an agarose column to which the immunogen peptide was thio-linked. Antibody was eluted from the column with 0.1 M glycine, pH 2.5. Subsequently, the antibody solution was neutralized to pH 7.0 with saturated Tris.
Antibody Modification: Unconjugated. Contact KInexus if you are interest in having the antibody biotinylated or coupled with fluorescent dyes.
Antibody Concentration: 0.9 mg/ml
Storage Buffer: Phosphate buffered saline pH 7.4, 0.05% Thimerasol
Storage Conditions: For long term storage, keep frozen at -40°C or lower. Stock solution can be kept at +4°C for more than 3 months. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Product Use: Western blotting | Antibody microarray
Antibody Dilution Recommended: 2 µg/ml for immunoblotting
Antibody Species Reactivity: This antibody detects the target phosphoprotein in the following species due to conservation of amino acid sequence: Human | Cow | Rat | Rabbit | Mouse | Platypus | Chicken | Frog | Zebra fish | Fruit fly | Honey bee | Sea urchin | Budding yeast.
Related Product 1: EIF2AK1 S258 phosphorylation antibody (Cat. No.: AB-PK876)
Related Product 2: EIF2AK3 T982 phosphorylation antibody (Cat. No.: AB-PK604)
Related Product 3: EIF2AK3 S555 phosphorylation antibody (Cat. No.: AB-PK926)
Related Product 4: EIF2AK3 S715 phosphorylation antibody (Cat. No.: AB-PK927)
Related Product 5: EIF2AK4 T667 phosphorylation antibody (Cat. No.: AB-PK877)
Related Product 6: eIF4B S504 phosphorylation antibody (Cat. No.: AB-PN819)
Related Product 7: eIF4E S209 phosphorylation antibody (Cat. No.: AB-PN956)
Related Product 8: eIF4G1 T205+T207 phosphorylation antibody (Cat. No.: AB-PN1008)
Related Product 9: eIF4G1 S1185+S1187 phosphorylation antibody (Cat. No.: AB-PN1004)
Related Product 10: EEF2 T57 phosphorylation antibody (Cat. No.: AB-PN555)
Scientific Background: eIF2⍺ (Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1; EIF2S1) is a 36-kDa protein translation initiation protein that belongs to the eIF-2-alpha family. It functions in the early steps of protein synthesis by forming a ternary complex with GTP and initiator tRNA. This complex binds to a 40S ribosomal subunit, followed by mRNA binding to form a 43S pre-initiation complex. Junction of the 60S ribosomal subunit to form the 80S initiation complex is preceded by hydrolysis of the GTP bound to eIF-2 and release of an eIF-2-GDP binary complex. For eIF-2 to recycle and catalyze another round of initiation, the GDP bound to eIF-2 must exchange with GTP by way of a reaction catalyzed by eIF-2B. EIF2S1/eIF2-alpha is a key component of the integrated stress response (ISR), and is required for adaptation to various stress. Phosphorylation by metabolic-stress sensing protein kinases (EIF2AK1/HRI (heme deficiency), EIF2AK2/PKR (virus stress), EIF2AK3/PERK (ER stress) and EIF2AK4/GCN2 (nutrient starvation)) at Ser-51 converts EIF2S1/eIF2-alpha into a global protein synthesis inhibitor. This leads to an attenuation of cap-dependent translation, while concomitantly initiating the preferential translation of ISR-specific mRNAs, such as the transcriptional activators ATF4 and QRICH1, and allows ATF4- and QRICH1-mediated reprogramming. Prolonged phosphorylation of eIF2⍺ can lead to apoptosis through upregulation of CHOP. Dysfunction in the eIF2-alpha pathway is associated with cancer cell survival, neurodegeneration, and metabolic diseases. Increased levels of phosphorylated eIF2⍺ are found in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s. This description may include information annotated by UniProt and/or Google AI.