Product Name:
MOR1-pT372+pS377+pT378
Product Number:
ab-pn802
Target Full Name: Mu-type opioid receptor
Target Alias: MOR; MOR1; Mu opiate receptor; Mu opioid receptor; MUOR1; Opioid receptor B; Opioid receptor, mu 1; OPRM; ROR-B
Product Type Specific: MOR1 phosphosite-specific antibody
Antibody Code: PN802
Antibody Target Type: Phosphosite-specific
Antibody Phosphosite: T372+S377+T378
Protein UniProt: P35372
Protein SigNET: MOR1
Antibody Type: Polyclonal
Antibody Host Species: Rabbit
Antibody Immunogen Source: Synthetic phosphopeptide patterned after human MOR1
Antibody Immunogen Sequence: RQN(pT)RDHP(pS)(pT)A(βA)C
Antibody Immunogen Description: Corresponds to amino acid residues R369 to A379. T372, S377 and T378 phosphorylation is inhibitory to downstream signalling by inducing internalization of the receptor. These are major in vivo phosphorylation sites in MOR1 based on ≥5, ≥5 and ≥2 high throughput mass spectrometry reports, respectively, in PhosphoSitePlus. MOR1 is known to be phosphorylated in vitro at T372 by BARK1 (GRK2, ADRBK1), BARK2 (GRK3, ADRBK2), CaMK2a, PKCa (PRKCA). S377: BARK1 (GRK2, ADRBK1), BARK2 (GRK3, ADRBK2), and GRK5 (GPRK5).
Production Method: The immunizing peptide was produced by solid phase synthesis on a multipep peptide synthesizer and purified by reverse-phase hplc chromatography. Purity was assessed by analytical hplc and the amino acid sequence confirmed by mass spectrometry analysis. This peptide was coupled to KLH prior to immunization into rabbits. New Zealand White rabbits were subcutaneously injected with KLH-coupled immunizing peptide every 4 weeks for 4 months. The sera from these animals was applied onto an agarose column to which the immunogen peptide was thio-linked. Antibody was eluted from the column with 0.1 M glycine, pH 2.5. Subsequently, the antibody solution was neutralized to pH 7.0 with saturated Tris.
Antibody Modification: Unconjugated. Contact KInexus if you are interest in having the antibody biotinylated or coupled with fluorescent dyes.
Antibody Concentration: 0.5 mg/ml
Storage Buffer: Phosphate buffered saline pH 7.4, 0.05% Thimerasol
Storage Conditions: For long term storage, keep frozen at -40°C or lower. Stock solution can be kept at +4°C for more than 3 months. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Product Use: Western blotting | Antibody microarray
Antibody Dilution Recommended: 2 µg/ml for immunoblotting
Antibody Species Reactivity: This antibody detects the target phosphoprotein in the following species due to conservation of amino acid sequence: Human | Chimpanzee | Rhesus macaque | Dog | Rat | Mouse.
Scientific Background: MOR1 (Mu-type opioid receptor 1) is normally a 7-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor of the type 1 family, and is primarily located in the central nervous system. Natural ligands for MOR1 include beta-endorphin, endomorphins, and enkephalins. It is the main target for the exogenous agonists morphine, fentanyl, heroin, methadone, DAMGO, etorphine, buprenorphin and oxycodone, and it is inhibited by the antagonists naloxone, naltrexone and nalmefene. MORS1 plays a critical role in mediating analgesia, reward, and drug addiction, including dependence on alcohol and cocaine. The agonist- and cell type-specific activity is predominantly coupled to pertussis toxin-sensitive G(i) and G(o) G alpha proteins, GNAI1, GNAI2, GNAI3 and GNAO1 isoforms, Alpha-1 and Alpha-2, and to a lesser extent to pertussis toxin-insensitive G alpha proteins GNAZ and GNA15. The inhibitory Gi protein activation, reduces cAMP levels and inhibits neuronal activity. Downstream cellular responses, include inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity and both N-type and L-type calcium channels, and activation of inward rectifying potassium channels, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phospholipase C (PLC), phosphoinositide/protein kinase (PKC), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and regulation of NF-kappa-B. MOR1 also couples to adenylate cyclase stimulatory G alpha proteins. The selective temporal coupling to G proteins and subsequent signaling can be regulated by RGSZ proteins, such as RGS9, RGS17 and RGS4. Phosphorylation by members of the GPRK subfamily of Ser/Thr protein kinases and association with beta-arrestins is involved in short-term receptor desensitization. Beta-arrestins associate with the GPRK-phosphorylated receptor and uncouple it from the G protein thus terminating signal transduction. The phosphorylated receptor is internalized through endocytosis via clathrin-coated pits which involves beta-arrestins. The activation of the ERK pathway occurs either in a G protein-dependent or a beta-arrestin-dependent manner and is regulated by agonist-specific receptor phosphorylation. High expression levels of MOR1 are found in the brain (thalamus, periaqueductal gray) and the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. It acts to induce analgesia, and effectively relieves moderate-to-severe pain. It mediates euphoric and reinforcing effects via increased dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens. However, its side-effects of activation include respiratory depression, constipation, and physical dependence. Isoform 12 couples to GNAS and is proposed to be involved in excitatory effects. Isoform 16 and isoform 17 do not bind agonists but may act through oligomerization with binding-competent OPRM1 isoforms and reduce their ligand binding activity. This description may include information annotated by UniProt and/or Google AI.