Product Name:
GYS1-pS641+pS645
Product Number:
ab-pn703
Target Full Name: Glycogen [starch] synthase, muscle
Target Alias: EC 2.4.1.11; Glycogen synthase 1 (muscle); Glycogen synthase, muscle; GSY; GYS
Product Type Specific: GYS1 phosphosite-specific antibody
Antibody Code: PN703
Antibody Target Type: Phosphosite-specific
Antibody Phosphosite: S641+S645
Protein UniProt: P13807
Protein SigNET: GYS1
Antibody Type: Polyclonal
Antibody Host Species: Rabbit
Antibody Immunogen Source: Synthetic phosphopeptide patterned after human GYS1
Antibody Immunogen Sequence: RPA(pS)VPP(pS)P(pS)L(βA)C
Antibody Immunogen Description: Corresponds to amino acid residues R638 to L647. S641+S645 phosphorylation inhibits enzyme activity. These are two of the major in vivo phosphorylation sites in glycogen synthase isoform 1 (≥26 and >35 reports, respectively, by mass spectrometry). These phosphosites are highly conserved in mammals and found in the platypus. GYS1 is known to be phosphorylated in vitro at S641 by BARK2 (GRK3, ADRBK2), DYRK1A, DYRK1B, DYRK2, GSK3b, PASK (PASKIN). S645: BARK2 (GRK3, ADRBK2), GSK3b, and p38b MAPK (MAPK11).
Production Method: The immunizing peptide was produced by solid phase synthesis on a multipep peptide synthesizer and purified by reverse-phase hplc chromatography. Purity was assessed by analytical hplc and the amino acid sequence confirmed by mass spectrometry analysis. This peptide was coupled to KLH prior to immunization into rabbits. New Zealand White rabbits were subcutaneously injected with KLH-coupled immunizing peptide every 4 weeks for 4 months. The sera from these animals was applied onto an agarose column to which the immunogen peptide was thio-linked. Antibody was eluted from the column with 0.1 M glycine, pH 2.5. Subsequently, the antibody solution was neutralized to pH 7.0 with saturated Tris.
Antibody Modification: Unconjugated. Contact KInexus if you are interest in having the antibody biotinylated or coupled with fluorescent dyes.
Antibody Concentration: 0.3 mg/ml
Storage Buffer: Phosphate buffered saline pH 7.4, 0.05% Thimerasol
Storage Conditions: For long term storage, keep frozen at -40°C or lower. Stock solution can be kept at +4°C for more than 3 months. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Product Use: Western blotting | Antibody microarray
Antibody Dilution Recommended: 2 µg/ml for immunoblotting
Antibody Species Reactivity: This antibody detects the target phosphoprotein in the following species due to conservation of amino acid sequence: Human | Rhesus macaque | Rat | Mouse | Platypus.
Scientific Background: GYS1 (Glycogen [starch] synthase, muscle) is an enzyme that belongs to the glycosyltransferase 3 family. It is the major isoform in skeletal and cardiac muscle, while GYS2 acts in the liver. It is the primary glycogen synthase in muscle and other non-liver tissues that is responsible for storing glucose as glycogen as an energy reserve. It catalyzes the reaction: [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl](n) + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl](n+1) + UDP + H+. It participates in glycogen biosynthesis along with glycogenin and glycogen branching enzyme. It extends the primer composed of a few glucose units formed by glycogenin by adding new glucose units to it. In this context, glycogen synthase transfers the glycosyl residue from UDP-Glc to the non-reducing end of alpha-1,4-glucan. The 83.8 kDa GYS1 protein operates within a heterooctameric complex, typically consisting of a tetramer of GYS1 and two dimers of glycogenin (GYG1). It is activated by glucose-6-phosphate (Glc6P) and negatively regulated by phosphorylation at multiple sites. Mutations in GYS1 are associated with rare muscle glycogen storage diseases (e.g., GYS1 deficiency). This description may include information annotated by UniProt and/or Google AI.