Product Name:
PML-pS518
Product Number:
ab-pn641
Target Full Name: Probable transcription factor PML
Target Alias: MYL; Promyelocytic leukemia; RNF71; TRIM19; Tripartite motif protein 19; Tripartite motif-containing protein 19
Product Type Specific: PML phosphosite-specific antibody
Antibody Code: PN641
Antibody Target Type: Phosphosite-specific
Antibody Phosphosite: S518
Protein UniProt: P29590
Protein SigNET: PML
Antibody Type: Polyclonal
Antibody Host Species: Rabbit
Antibody Immunogen Source: Synthetic phosphopeptide patterned after human PML
Antibody Immunogen Sequence: SKAV(pS)PPH(βA)C
Antibody Immunogen Description: Corresponds to amino acid residues S514 to H521. S518 prevents ubiquitination by the BCR(KLHL20) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and inhibits cell apoptosis. Phosphorylation of S518 also induces interaction with C/EBP-epsilon, KLHL20 and PIN1. This is a major site of in vivo phosphorylation of PML (≥83 reports from high throughput mass spectrometry studies recorded in PhosphoSitePlus). PML is known to be phosphorylated at this site in vitro by CDK1 (CDC2), and CDK2.
Production Method: The immunizing peptide was produced by solid phase synthesis on a multipep peptide synthesizer and purified by reverse-phase hplc chromatography. Purity was assessed by analytical hplc and the amino acid sequence confirmed by mass spectrometry analysis. This peptide was coupled to KLH prior to immunization into rabbits. New Zealand White rabbits were subcutaneously injected with KLH-coupled immunizing peptide every 4 weeks for 4 months. The sera from these animals was applied onto an agarose column to which the immunogen peptide was thio-linked. Antibody was eluted from the column with 0.1 M glycine, pH 2.5. Subsequently, the antibody solution was neutralized to pH 7.0 with saturated Tris.
Antibody Modification: Unconjugated. Contact KInexus if you are interest in having the antibody biotinylated or coupled with fluorescent dyes.
Antibody Concentration: 1 mg/ml
Storage Buffer: Phosphate buffered saline pH 7.4, 0.05% Thimerasol
Storage Conditions: For long term storage, keep frozen at -40°C or lower. Stock solution can be kept at +4°C for more than 3 months. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Product Use: Western blotting | Antibody microarray
Antibody Dilution Recommended: 2 µg/ml for immunoblotting
Antibody Species Reactivity: This antibody detects the target phosphoprotein in the following species due to conservation of amino acid sequence: Human | Chimpanzee | Rhesus macaque | Mouse.
Scientific Background: PML (Promyelocytic leukemia) is a multifunctional transcription factor and tumour suppressor that acts as the essential organizer of nuclear bodies (PML-NBs). It is a zinc-finger protein that regulates a wide range of cellular processes including transcriptional regulation, senescence, DNA damage response, glycolysis, tumour suppression, apoptosis, and viral defense activity against DNA and RNA viruses. Its antiviral activity can involve one or several isoform(s) and can be enhanced by the permanent PML-NB-associated protein DAXX or by the recruitment of p53 within these structures. PML is notably involved in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). PML is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family, containing a RING finger, B-box type 1/2, and coiled-coil region, which facilitate its sumoylation and self-assembly into PML-NBs. While synthesized in the cytoplasm, PML concentrates in the nucleus, specifically in punctate structures called PML nuclear bodies. PML expression is strongly induced by interferons and is often linked to cell cycle status, increasing during stress conditions. It is also involved in antiviral responses, chromatin remodeling, and angiogenesis (e.g., regulating HIF1A) and MTOR. It acts as a tumour suppressor by regulating p53, promoting senescence, and controlling cell cycle progression. It functions as a transcription coactivator, affecting gene expression related to cellular stress and differentiation, such as ELF4 and IFN-induced genes. In Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL), the PML gene is fused with the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA) gene, resulting in a fusion protein (PML-RARA) that breaks down PML-NBs and causes a block in myeloid differentiation. Nuclear isoforms (isoforms-1, -8, -9, -5, -2), in concert with SATB1, are involved in local chromatin-loop remodeling and gene expression regulation, for example, at the MHC-I locus. It interacts with SIRT1, TOPBP1, TRIM27 and TRIM69. Isoform-8 is required for efficient IFN-gamma induced MHC II gene transcription via regulation of CIITA. Isoform-9 exhibits antiviral activity against poliovirus by inducing apoptosis in infected cells. It represses human foamy virus (HFV) transcription. Isoform-5 has a multifaceted role in the regulation of apoptosis and growth suppression, and anti-viral action against varicella zoster virus (VZV) via sequestration of virion capsids in PML-NBs. Sumoylated isoform-5 restricts rabies virus by inhibiting viral mRNA and protein synthesis. Isoform-8 may enhance adenovirus transcription. Cytoplasmic forms regulate glycolysis by inhibiting the enzymatically active tetrameric form of PKM2, and are involved in the regulation of the TGF-beta signaling pathway. Isoform-4 inhibits specifically the activity of the tetrameric form of PKM, and shows restriction activity towards human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and influenza A virus strains PR8(H1N1) and ST364(H3N2). The cytoplasmic isoform-14 can restrict herpes simplex virus-1 (HHV-1) replication by sequestering the viral E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase ICP0 in the cytoplasm. This description may include information annotated by UniProt and/or Google AI.