Product Name:
HMGB1-pS35+pS39
Product Number:
ab-pn607
Target Full Name: High mobility group protein B1
Target Alias: Amphoterin; DKFZp686A04236; High mobility group box 1; High mobility group protein 1; High-mobility group box 1; HMG1; HMG-1; HMG3; SBP-1; Sulfoglucuronyl carbohydrate binding protein; Sulfoglucuronyl carbohydrate binding protein high-mobility group (nonhistone chromosomal) protein 1
Product Type Specific: HMGB1 phosphosite-specific antibody
Antibody Code: PN607
Antibody Target Type: Phosphosite-specific
Antibody Phosphosite: S35+S39
Protein UniProt: P09429
Protein SigNET: HMGB1
Antibody Type: Polyclonal
Antibody Host Species: Rabbit
Antibody Immunogen Source: Synthetic phosphopeptide patterned after human HMGB1
Antibody Immunogen Sequence: PDA(pS)VNF(pS)EFS(βA)C
Antibody Immunogen Description: Corresponds to amino acid residues P32 to S42. The effects of S35 and S39 phosphorylation are unknown. S35 and S39 phosphoryation facilitates nucleus to cytoplasmic HMGB1 transport, and regulates cell motility. These are two of the major in vivo phosphorylation sites in HMGB1 (≥22 and 6 reports, respectively, from high throughput mass spectrometry studies recorded in PhosphoSitePlus).
Production Method: The immunizing peptide was produced by solid phase synthesis on a multipep peptide synthesizer and purified by reverse-phase hplc chromatography. Purity was assessed by analytical hplc and the amino acid sequence confirmed by mass spectrometry analysis. This peptide was coupled to KLH prior to immunization into rabbits. New Zealand White rabbits were subcutaneously injected with KLH-coupled immunizing peptide every 4 weeks for 4 months. The sera from these animals was applied onto an agarose column to which the immunogen peptide was thio-linked. Antibody was eluted from the column with 0.1 M glycine, pH 2.5. Subsequently, the antibody solution was neutralized to pH 7.0 with saturated Tris.
Antibody Modification: Unconjugated. Contact KInexus if you are interest in having the antibody biotinylated or coupled with fluorescent dyes.
Antibody Concentration: 0.5 mg/ml
Storage Buffer: Phosphate buffered saline pH 7.4, 0.05% Thimerasol
Storage Conditions: For long term storage, keep frozen at -40°C or lower. Stock solution can be kept at +4°C for more than 3 months. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Product Use: Western blotting | Antibody microarray
Antibody Dilution Recommended: 2 µg/ml for immunoblotting
Antibody Species Reactivity: This antibody detects the target phosphoprotein in the following species due to conservation of amino acid sequence: Human | Chimpanzee | Rhesus macaque | Dog | Rat | Mouse | Platypus | Chicken | Frog.
Related Product 1: HMGA1 S36+T39 phosphorylation antibody (Cat. No.: AB-PN605)
Related Product 2: HMGA1 T53 phosphorylation antibody (Cat. No.: AB-PN606)
Scientific Background: High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) is a highly conserved, multifunctional nuclear protein in vertebrates that regulates chromatin structure, DNA stability, and transcription and serves as a universal biosensor for nucleic acids. In the nucleus, it acts as a DNA-binding protein, bending DNA to facilitate protein access. It is one of the major chromatin-associated non-histone proteins and acts as a DNA chaperone involved in replication, transcription, chromatin remodeling, V(D)J recombination, DNA repair and genome stability. It is involved in V(D)J recombination by acting as a cofactor of the RAG complex. It functions by stimulating cleavage and RAG protein binding at the 23 bp spacer of conserved recombination signal sequences (RSS). It promotes the host inflammatory response and is involved in the coordination and integration of innate and adaptive immune responses. It can bind to various types of DNA and RNA including microbial unmethylated CpG-DNA to enhance the innate immune response to nucleic acids. In the cytoplasm, it aids in autophagy and cell survival. In the extracellular compartment (following either active secretion or passive release), it functions in regulation of the inflammatory response. Disulfide HMGB1 is actively secreted as a cytokine, fully reduced HMGB1 released by necrosis acts as a chemokine, and sulfonyl HMGB1 released from apoptotic cells facilitates immunological tolerance. It can protect BECN1 and ATG5 from calpain-mediated cleavage and possibly controls their proautophagic and proapoptotic functions and the extent and severity of inflammation-associated cellular injury. In adaptive immunity, it may be involved in enhancing immunity through activation of effector T cells and suppression of regulatory T (TReg) cells. Elevated HMGB1 levels are associated with sepsis, rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, and cancer progression (angiogenesis and metastasis). This description may include information annotated by UniProt and/or Google AI.