Product Name:
HMGA1-pS36+pT39
Product Number:
ab-pn605
Target Full Name: High mobility group protein HMG-I/HMG-Y
Target Alias: High mobility group AT-hook 1; High mobility group AT-hook protein 1; High mobility group protein A1; High mobility group protein-R; HMG1; HMG3; HMGB1; HMG-I(Y); HMGIY
Product Type Specific: HMGA1 phosphosite-specific antibody
Antibody Code: PN605
Antibody Target Type: Phosphosite-specific
Antibody Phosphosite: S36+T39
Protein UniProt: P17096
Protein SigNET: HMGA1
Antibody Type: Polyclonal
Antibody Host Species: Rabbit
Antibody Immunogen Source: Synthetic phosphopeptide patterned after human HMGA1
Antibody Immunogen Sequence: PPV(pS)PG(pT)ALVGC
Antibody Immunogen Description: Corresponds to amino acid residues P33 to G43. S36 and T39 phosphorylation regulates molecular association, including inducing interaction with DNA. These are two of the minor in vivo phosphorylation sites in HMGA1 (≥64 and ≥27 reports, respectively, from high throughput mass spectrometry studies recorded in PhosphoSitePlus). HMGA1 is known to be phosphorylated in vitro at S36 by ERK1 (MAPK3), CDK1, CDK2, and HIPK2.
Production Method: The immunizing peptide was produced by solid phase synthesis on a multipep peptide synthesizer and purified by reverse-phase hplc chromatography. Purity was assessed by analytical hplc and the amino acid sequence confirmed by mass spectrometry analysis. This peptide was coupled to KLH prior to immunization into rabbits. New Zealand White rabbits were subcutaneously injected with KLH-coupled immunizing peptide every 4 weeks for 4 months. The sera from these animals was applied onto an agarose column to which the immunogen peptide was thio-linked. Antibody was eluted from the column with 0.1 M glycine, pH 2.5. Subsequently, the antibody solution was neutralized to pH 7.0 with saturated Tris.
Antibody Modification: Unconjugated. Contact KInexus if you are interest in having the antibody biotinylated or coupled with fluorescent dyes.
Antibody Concentration: 1 mg/ml
Storage Buffer: Phosphate buffered saline pH 7.4, 0.05% Thimerasol
Storage Conditions: For long term storage, keep frozen at -40°C or lower. Stock solution can be kept at +4°C for more than 3 months. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Product Use: Western blotting | Antibody microarray
Antibody Dilution Recommended: 2 µg/ml for immunoblotting
Antibody Species Reactivity: This antibody detects the target phosphoprotein in the following species due to conservation of amino acid sequence: Human | Chimpanzee | Rat | Mouse.
Related Product 1: HMGA1 T53 phosphorylation antibody (Cat. No.: AB-PN606)
Related Product 2: HMGB1 S35+S39 phosphorylation antibody (Cat. No.: AB-PN607)
Scientific Background: HMGA1 (High Mobility Group A1; HMG-I/HMG-Y) is a non-histone chromatin-associated protein that acts as an architectural transcription factor, which regulates gene expression by altering DNA structure. HMGA1 proteins (~10-12 kDa) possess three "AT-hook" domains that bind to the minor groove of DNA, along with a C-terminal acidic tail. It binds to AT-rich regions in DNA to facilitate, not initiate, the assembly of transcriptions factors, including Sp1 and NF-κB. HMGA1 disrupts heterochromatin by competing with histone H1, leading to chromatin relaxation and increased accessibility for transcription factors. It is heavily involved in signaling pathways like Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/Akt, and MEK/ERK, and is regulated by non-coding RNAs (miRNA, lncRNA). It is highly expressed in embryonic development, but low in adult tissues. It is frequently overexpressed in various malignancies (e.g., breast, pancreatic, leukemia). HMGA1 serves as an oncogene, promoting tumour progression, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and chemotherapy resistance. This description may include information annotated by UniProt and/or Google AI.