Product Name:
GR-pS226
Product Number:
ab-pn601
Target Full Name: Glucocorticoid receptor
Target Alias: GCR; GRL; GRL1; NR3C1; Nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1
Product Type Specific: GR phosphosite-specific antibody
Antibody Code: PN601
Antibody Target Type: Phosphosite-specific
Antibody Phosphosite: S226
Protein UniProt: P04150
Protein SigNET: GR
Antibody Type: Polyclonal
Antibody Host Species: Rabbit
Antibody Immunogen Source: Synthetic phosphopeptide patterned after human GR
Antibody Immunogen Sequence: LL(pS)PLAGC
Antibody Immunogen Description: Corresponds to amino acid residues L224 to G230. S226 phosphorylation inhibits transcriptional activity, and regulates intracellular location and molecular association, including inducing interaction with GRIP1. This is one of the major in vivo phosphorylation sites in the glucocorticoid receptor (≥10 reports from high throughput mass spectrometry studies recorded in PhosphoSitePlus). GR is known to be phosphorylated at this site in vitro by CDK5, ERK2 (MAPK1), JAK1, JNK1 (MAPK8), JNK2 (MAPK9), and JNK3 (MAPK10).
Production Method: The immunizing peptide was produced by solid phase synthesis on a multipep peptide synthesizer and purified by reverse-phase hplc chromatography. Purity was assessed by analytical hplc and the amino acid sequence confirmed by mass spectrometry analysis. This peptide was coupled to KLH prior to immunization into rabbits. New Zealand White rabbits were subcutaneously injected with KLH-coupled immunizing peptide every 4 weeks for 4 months. The sera from these animals was applied onto an agarose column to which the immunogen peptide was thio-linked. Antibody was eluted from the column with 0.1 M glycine, pH 2.5. Subsequently, the antibody solution was neutralized to pH 7.0 with saturated Tris.
Antibody Modification: Unconjugated. Contact KInexus if you are interest in having the antibody biotinylated or coupled with fluorescent dyes.
Antibody Concentration: 0.5 mg/ml
Storage Buffer: Phosphate buffered saline pH 7.4, 0.05% Thimerasol
Storage Conditions: For long term storage, keep frozen at -40°C or lower. Stock solution can be kept at +4°C for more than 3 months. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Product Use: Western blotting | Antibody microarray
Antibody Dilution Recommended: 2 µg/ml for immunoblotting
Antibody Species Reactivity: This antibody detects the target phosphoprotein in the following species due to conservation of amino acid sequence: Human | Rhesus macaque | Dog | Rat | Mouse | Platypus | Frog.
Scientific Background: GR (Glucocorticoid receptor) belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family, NR3 subfamily. It is a glucocorticoids (GC)-activated transcription factor. In addition to functioning as a transcription factor that binds to glucocorticoid response elements (GRE), it is also a modulator of other transcription factors. It has a wide range of actions, including mediation of inflammatory responses, cellular proliferation, differentiation in target tissues. chromatin remodeling, rapid mRNA degradation by binding to the 5' UTR of target mRNAs and interacting with PNRC2 in a ligand-dependent manner which recruits the RNA helicase UPF1 and the mRNA-decapping enzyme DCP1A, leading to RNA decay. 16 alternative splicing and alternative initiation human isoforms have been reported. Isoform 1 (alpha) has transcriptional activation and repression activity, mediates glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis. and promotes accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis. It may function in a negative role in adipogenesis through the regulation of lipolytic and antilipogenic gene expression. It is widely expressed including bone, stomach, lung, liver, colon, breast, ovary, pancreas and kidney. In the heart, detected in left and right atria, left and right ventricles, aorta, apex, intraventricular septum, and atrioventricular node as well as whole adult and fetal heart. Isoform 2 (beta) acts as a dominant negative inhibitor of isoform 1, and has intrinsic transcriptional activity independent of isoform 1 when both are coexpressed. Isoform 2 has no hormone-binding activity, but may play a role in controlling glucose metabolism by maintaining insulin sensitivity. It reduces hepatic gluconeogenesis through down-regulation of PEPCK in an isoform 1-dependent manner, and directly regulates STAT1 expression in isoform 1-independent manner. It is widely expressed including brain, bone marrow, thymus, spleen, liver, kidney, pancreas, lung, fat, skeletal muscle, heart, placenta and blood leukocytes. Isoform 3 ((Alpha-2)has lower transcriptional activation activity than isoform 1, and exerts a dominant negative effect on isoform 1 via a trans-repression mechanism. Isoform 4 (GR-P) increases activity of isoform 1. Isoform 8 (Alpha-B) is more effective than isoform 1 in transcriptional activation, but not repression activity. Isoform 13 (alpha C-3) has highest transcriptional activation activity of all isoforms created by alternative initiation. It has transcriptional repression activity, and faciliates glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis. This description may include information annotated by UniProt and/or Google AI.