Product Name:
FOXK2-pS424+pS428
Product Number:
ab-pn591
Target Full Name: Forkhead box protein K2
Target Alias: Cellular transcription factor ILF-1; Forkhead box K2; ILF; ILF1; ILF-1; Interleukin enhancer-binding 1; Interleukin enhancer-binding factor 1
Product Type Specific: FOXK2 phosphosite-specific antibody
Antibody Code: PN591
Antibody Target Type: Phosphosite-specific
Antibody Phosphosite: S424+S428
Protein UniProt: Q01167
Protein SigNET: FOXK2
Antibody Type: Polyclonal
Antibody Host Species: Rabbit
Antibody Immunogen Source: Synthetic phosphopeptide patterned after human FOXK2
Antibody Immunogen Sequence: FAQ(pS)APG(pS)PLS(βA)C
Antibody Immunogen Description: Corresponds to amino acid residues F421 to S431. The effects of S424 phosphorylation are unclear. S428 phosphorylation regulates transcription and apoptosis, and stabilizes FOXK2. These are two of the major in vivo phosphorylation sites in FOXK2 based on ≥29 and ≥47 high throughput mass spectrometry reports, respectively, recorded in PhosphoSitePlus. FOXK2 is known to be phosphorylated in vitro at S424 by ERK1 (MAPK3).
Production Method: The immunizing peptide was produced by solid phase synthesis on a multipep peptide synthesizer and purified by reverse-phase hplc chromatography. Purity was assessed by analytical hplc and the amino acid sequence confirmed by mass spectrometry analysis. This peptide was coupled to KLH prior to immunization into rabbits. New Zealand White rabbits were subcutaneously injected with KLH-coupled immunizing peptide every 4 weeks for 4 months. The sera from these animals was applied onto an agarose column to which the immunogen peptide was thio-linked. Antibody was eluted from the column with 0.1 M glycine, pH 2.5. Subsequently, the antibody solution was neutralized to pH 7.0 with saturated Tris.
Antibody Modification: Unconjugated. Contact KInexus if you are interest in having the antibody biotinylated or coupled with fluorescent dyes.
Antibody Concentration: 1 mg/ml
Storage Buffer: Phosphate buffered saline pH 7.4, 0.05% Thimerasol
Storage Conditions: For long term storage, keep frozen at -40°C or lower. Stock solution can be kept at +4°C for more than 3 months. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Product Use: Western blotting | Antibody microarray
Antibody Dilution Recommended: 2 µg/ml for immunoblotting
Antibody Species Reactivity: This antibody detects the target phosphoprotein in the following species due to conservation of amino acid sequence: Human | Dog | Rat | Mouse | Frog.
Related Product 1: FOXK1 S441+S445 phosphorylation antibody (Cat. No.: AB-PN590)
Related Product 2: FOXM1 T611 phosphorylation antibody (Cat. No.: AB-PN592)
Related Product 3: FOXO1 S256 phosphorylation antibody (Cat. No.: AB-PN593)
Related Product 4: FOXO1 S319 phosphorylation antibody (Cat. No.: AB-PN594)
Related Product 5: FOXO1 S329 phosphorylation antibody (Cat. No.: AB-PN595)
Related Product 6: FOXO3 T32 phosphorylation antibody (Cat. No.: AB-PN596)
Related Product 7: FOXO3 S294 phosphorylation antibody (Cat. No.: AB-PN597)
Related Product 8: FOXO3 S253 phosphorylation antibody (Cat. No.: AB-PN821)
Scientific Background: FOXK2 (Forkhead box K2) is a member of the FOX transcription factor family, specifically acting as a regulator in metabolism, autophagy, and cancer progression. It functions as both a transcription activator and repressor by binding to purine-rich motifs via a winged-helix DNA-binding domain. It recognizes and binds the forkhead DNA sequence motif (5'-GTAAACA-3') and can both act as a transcription activator or repressor, depending on the context. Key roles for FOXK2 include metabolic reprogramming and inhibiting muscle autophagy. It regulates aerobic glycolysis and gluconeogenesis by promoting expression of glycolytic enzymes (HK2, PKLR) and managing pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDK1, PDK4). It acts as a negative regulator of autophagy in skeletal muscle. It is involved in tumour pathogenesis, where it can act as an oncogene or tumour suppressor, often by interacting with BAP1 or BRCA1/BARD1 complexes. Together with FOXK1, it acts as a negative regulator of autophagy in skeletal muscle. In response to starvation, it enters the nucleus, binds the promoters of autophagy genes and represses their expression, preventing proteolysis of skeletal muscle proteins. In addition to the 5'-GTAAACA-3' DNA motif, FOXK2 also binds the 5'-TGANTCA-3' palindromic DNA motif, and co-associates with JUN/AP-1 to activate transcription. It is also able to bind to a minimal DNA heteroduplex containing a G/T-mismatch with 5'-TRT[G/T]NB-3' sequence. It binds to NFAT-like motifs (purine-rich) in the IL2 promoter. It positively regulates WNT/beta-catenin signaling by translocating DVL proteins into the nucleus. It also binds to HIV-1 long terminal repeat. It may be involved in both positive and negative regulation of important viral and cellular promoter elements. This description may include information annotated by UniProt and/or Google AI.