Product Name:
ATF2-pT69+pT71
Product Number:
ab-pn552
Target Full Name: Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2
Target Alias: Activating 2; Activating transcription factor 2; CAMP response element binding protein CRE- BP1; CREB2; CREBP1; CRE-BP1; Cyclic-AMP-dependent ATF-2; HB16; MXBP protein; TREB7
Product Type Specific: ATF2 phosphosite-specific antibody
Antibody Code: PN552
Antibody Target Type: Phosphosite-specific
Antibody Phosphosite: T69+T71
Protein UniProt: P15336
Protein SigNET: ATF2
Antibody Type: Polyclonal
Antibody Host Species: Rabbit
Antibody Immunogen Source: Human ATF2 sequence peptide Cat. No.: PE-04ARD99
Antibody Immunogen Sequence: ADQ(pT)P(pT)PTR(bA)C
Antibody Immunogen Description: Corresponds to amino acid residues A66 to R74; in the N-terminus of the transcription factor. T69 and T71 phosphorylation increases transcriptional activity. These are the major in vivo phosphorylation sites in ATF2 (≥106 and 89 reports by mass spectrometry in PhosphositePlus, respectively). ATF2 is known to be phosphorylated in vitro at T69 and T71 by ERK1, ERK2, JNK1, JNK2, JNK3, p38a MAPK, p38b MAPK, and PLK3.
Production Method: The immunizing peptide was produced by solid phase synthesis on a multipep peptide synthesizer and purified by reverse-phase hplc chromatography. Purity was assessed by analytical hplc and the amino acid sequence confirmed by mass spectrometry analysis. This peptide was coupled to KLH prior to immunization into rabbits. New Zealand White rabbits were subcutaneously injected with KLH-coupled immunizing peptide every 4 weeks for 4 months. The sera from these animals was applied onto an agarose column to which the immunogen peptide was thio-linked. Antibody was eluted from the column with 0.1 M glycine, pH 2.5. Subsequently, the antibody solution was neutralized to pH 7.0 with saturated Tris.This antibody was also subject to negative purification over phosphotyrosine-agarose.
Antibody Modification: Unconjugated. Contact KInexus if you are interest in having the antibody biotinylated or coupled with fluorescent dyes.
Antibody Concentration: 1 mg/ml
Storage Buffer: Phosphate buffered saline pH 7.4, 0.05% Thimerasol
Storage Conditions: For long term storage, keep frozen at -40°C or lower. Stock solution can be kept at +4°C for more than 3 months. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Product Use: Western blotting | Antibody microarray
Antibody Dilution Recommended: 2 µg/ml for immunoblotting
Antibody Species Reactivity: This antibody detects the target phosphoprotein in the following species due to conservation of amino acid sequence: Human | Dog | Rat | Mouse | Platypus.
Antibody Positive Control: The observed molecular mass of the processed target protein on SDS-PAGE gels is reported to be around 55-70 kDa.
Antibody Specificity: High-very high
Antibody Cross Reactivity: Weak 37 and 43 kDa cross-reactive proteins were detected in phenylarsine oxide (PAO)+vanadate-treated HeLa cells, EGF-treated A431 cells, and insulin-treated MCF7 cells, when these cells were directly homogenized into SDS-PAGE sample buffer.
Related Product 1: ATF2 (66-74) pT69+pT71 antibody blocking peptide (Cat. No.: PE-04ARD99)
Related Product 2: ATF2 T69+T71 phosphorylation antibody (Cat. No.: AB-PN572)
Scientific Background: ATF2 (Activating transcription factor 2 ) is a transcriptional activator of the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor family. In response to growth and stress stimuli, it regulates the transcription of various genes, including those involved in anti-apoptosis, cell growth, DNA damage and inflammation responses. Phosphorylation at N-terminal residues Thr-69/Thr-71 by JNK/p38 MAPK pathways activates ATF2, enabling it to modulate gene expression. It forms homo- or heterodimers (e.g., with c-Jun) to bind CRE (cAMP response element) consensus sequences (5'-TGACGTCA-3') or to AP-1 (activator protein 1) consensus sequences (5'-TGACTCA-3'). In response to double-strand breaks, ataxia telangiectasia-mutant (ATM) kinase phosphorylates ATF2 (Ser-490/Ser-498), aiding in DNA damage response and S-phase checkpoint control. In the nucleus, ATF2 contributes to global transcription and the DNA damage response, in addition to specific transcriptional activities that are related to cell development, proliferation and death. It exhibits histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity that specifically acetylates histones H2B and H4. In concert with CUL3 and RBX1, it promotes the degradation of KAT5 thereby attenuating its ability to acetylate and activate ATM. It features an N-terminal transactivation domain, a zinc finger region, and a C-terminal bZIP domain (amino acids 350-414) responsible for DNA binding and dimerization. While involved in normal development, dysregulated ATF2 is implicated in cancer progression, particularly in melanoma and skin tumor development. This description may include information annotated by UniProt and/or Google AI.