Product Name:
ARRB1-pS412
Product Number:
ab-pn1031
Target Full Name: Beta-arrestin-1
Target Alias: ARR1; Arrestin 2; Arrestin beta 1; Arrestin beta-1; Arrestin, beta 1
Product Type Specific: ARRB1 phosphosite-specific antibody
Antibody Code: PN1031
Antibody Target Type: Phosphosite-specific
Antibody Phosphosite: S412
Protein UniProt: P49407
Protein SigNET: ARRB1
Antibody Type: Polyclonal
Antibody Host Species: Rabbit
Antibody Immunogen Source: Synthetic phosphopeptide patterned after human ARRB1
Antibody Immunogen Sequence: CGTG(pS)PQLN
Antibody Immunogen Description: Corresponds to amino acid residues G409 to N416.
Production Method: The immunizing peptide was produced by solid phase synthesis on a multipep peptide synthesizer and purified by reverse-phase hplc chromatography. Purity was assessed by analytical hplc and the amino acid sequence confirmed by mass spectrometry analysis. This peptide was coupled to KLH prior to immunization into rabbits. New Zealand White rabbits were subcutaneously injected with KLH-coupled immunizing peptide every 4 weeks for 4 months. The sera from these animals was applied onto an agarose column to which the immunogen peptide was thio-linked. Antibody was eluted from the column with 0.1 M glycine, pH 2.5. Subsequently, the antibody solution was neutralized to pH 7.0 with saturated Tris.
Antibody Modification: Unconjugated. Contact KInexus if you are interest in having the antibody biotinylated or coupled with fluorescent dyes.
Antibody Concentration: 0.7 mg/ml
Storage Buffer: Phosphate buffered saline pH 7.4, 0.05% Thimerasol
Storage Conditions: For long term storage, keep frozen at -40°C or lower. Stock solution can be kept at +4°C for more than 3 months. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Product Use: Western blotting | Antibody microarray
Antibody Dilution Recommended: 2 µg/ml for immunoblotting
Antibody Species Reactivity: This antibody detects the target phosphoprotein in the following species due to conservation of amino acid sequence: Human | Chimpanzee | Rhesus Macaque | Dog | Rat | Mouse.
Scientific Background: ARRB1 (Beta-arrestin-1) is an adaptor protein involved the regulation of agonist-mediated G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signalling by mediating both receptor desensitization and resensitization processes. During homologous desensitization, beta-arrestins bind to the GPRK-phosphorylated receptor and sterically preclude its coupling to the cognate G protein. The beta-arrestins target many receptors for internalization by acting as endocytic adapters (CLASPs, clathrin-associated sorting proteins) and recruiting the GPRCs to the adapter protein 2 complex 2 (AP-2) in clathrin-coated pits (CCPs). Two different modes of arrestin-mediated internalization occur. Class A receptors, like ADRB2, OPRM1, ENDRA, D1AR and ADRA1B dissociate from beta-arrestin at or near the plasma membrane and undergo rapid recycling. Class B receptors, like AVPR2, AGTR1, NTSR1, TRHR and TACR1 internalize as a complex with arrestin and traffic with it to endosomal vesicles, presumably as desensitized receptors, for extended periods of time. Receptor resensitization that receptor-bound arrestin is removed so that the receptor can be dephosphorylated and returned to the plasma membrane. It is involved in internalization of P2RY4 and UTP-stimulated internalization of P2RY2, phosphorylation-dependent internalization of OPRD1 and subsequent recycling, and degradation of cAMP by recruiting cAMP phosphodiesterases to ligand-activated receptors. Beta-arrestins can function signalling scaffolds for MAPK pathways such as MAPK1/3 (ERK1/2) in cytoplasmic endocytic vesicles, and c-Src/SRC to ADRB2. GPCRs for which the beta-arrestin-mediated signalling relies on both ARRB1 and ARRB2 (codependent regulation) include ADRB2, F2RL1 and PTH1R. For some GPCRs the beta-arrestin-mediated signalling relies on either ARRB1 or ARRB2 and is inhibited by the other respective beta-arrestin form (reciprocal regulation). ARRB1 Inhibits ERK1/2 signalling in AGTR1- and AVPR2-mediated activation (reciprocal regulation), but Is required for SP-stimulated endocytosis of NK1R and recruits c-Src/SRC to internalized NK1R resulting in ERK1/2 activation, which is required for the antiapoptotic effects of SP. It also acts as a signalling scaffold for activation of the AKT1 pathway such as in response to IGF1, leading to increased protection from apoptosis. It is involved in activation of the p38 MAPK signalling pathway and in actin bundle formation, F2RL1-mediated cytoskeletal rearrangement and chemotaxis, and AGTR1-mediated stress fiber formation by acting together with GNAQ to activate RHOA. It also appears to function as signalling scaffold involved in regulation of MIP-1-beta-stimulated CCR5-dependent chemotaxis, attenuation of NF-kappa-B-dependent transcription in response to GPCR or cytokine stimulation by interacting with and stabilizing CHUK, regulation of LEF1 transcriptional activity via interaction with DVL1 and/or DVL2. It can be involved in regulation of receptors other than GPCRs, such as Toll-like receptor and IL-1 receptor signalling through the interaction with TRAF6 and preventing TRAF6 autoubiquitination and oligomerization that is required for activation of NF-kappa-B and JUN. This description may include information annotated by UniProt and/or Google AI.