Product Name:
UTRN-pY3197
Product Number:
ab-pn1000
Target Full Name: Utrophin
Target Alias: DMDL; DRP; DRP1; Dystrophin-related protein 1; UTRO
Product Type Specific: UTRN phosphosite-specific antibody
Antibody Code: PN1000
Antibody Target Type: Phosphosite-specific
Antibody Phosphosite: Y3197
Protein UniProt: P46939
Protein SigNET: UTRN
Antibody Type: Polyclonal
Antibody Host Species: Rabbit
Antibody Immunogen Source: Synthetic phosphopeptide patterned after human UTRN
Antibody Immunogen Sequence: RIEQ(pY)ATR(βA)C
Antibody Immunogen Description: Corresponds to amino acid residues R3193 to R3200. The effect of Y3197 phosphorylation is unclear. This is the major in vivo site of phosphorylation of utrophin based on ≥114 mass spectrometry reports recorded in PhosphoSitePlus.
Production Method: The immunizing peptide was produced by solid phase synthesis on a multipep peptide synthesizer and purified by reverse-phase hplc chromatography. Purity was assessed by analytical hplc and the amino acid sequence confirmed by mass spectrometry analysis. This peptide was coupled to KLH prior to immunization into rabbits. New Zealand White rabbits were subcutaneously injected with KLH-coupled immunizing peptide every 4 weeks for 4 months. The sera from these animals was applied onto an agarose column to which the immunogen peptide was thio-linked. Antibody was eluted from the column with 0.1 M glycine, pH 2.5. Subsequently, the antibody solution was neutralized to pH 7.0 with saturated Tris.
Antibody Modification: Unconjugated. Contact KInexus if you are interest in having the antibody biotinylated or coupled with fluorescent dyes.
Antibody Concentration: 0.65 mg/ml
Storage Buffer: Phosphate buffered saline pH 7.4, 0.05% Thimerasol
Storage Conditions: For long term storage, keep frozen at -40°C or lower. Stock solution can be kept at +4°C for more than 3 months. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Product Use: Western blotting | Antibody microarray
Antibody Dilution Recommended: 2 µg/ml for immunoblotting
Antibody Species Reactivity: This antibody detects the target phosphoprotein in the following species due to conservation of amino acid sequence: Human | Chimpanzee | Dog | Mouse | Platypus.
Scientific Background: Utrophin (UTRN) is a ~395-kDa cytoskeletal protein, an autosomal homologue of dystrophin, that anchors the actin cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane. It is essential for muscle cell integrity, particularly at neuromuscular junctions, and acts as a potential surrogate for dystrophin in therapeutic strategies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. It features an actin-binding N-terminus, a central rod domain, and a C-terminus that binds to the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex (DAGC). It plays a critical role in anchoring the cytoskeleton to the membrane and in the maintenance of acetylcholine receptor clusters. There are two full-length isoforms that exhibit different expression patterns and localization. Isoform 1 has high expression in muscle. Isoforms Up70 and Up140 were found in all the adult and fetal tissues tested and relatively abundant in lung and kidney. It is upregulated in dystrophin-deficient (mdx) muscles and can functionally compensate for the lack of dystrophin. UTRN has been shown to act as a potential tumour suppressor gene, with decreased expression observed in various cancers, such as breast, lung, and gastric cancers. This description may include information annotated by UniProt and/or Google AI.