Product Name:
GCK-pS411
Product Number:
ab-pk893
Target Full Name: Glucokinase
Target Alias: Hexokinase type IV;Hexokinase-4;Hexokinase-D
Product Type Specific: GCK protein kinase phosphosite-specific antibody
Antibody Code: PK893
Antibody Target Type: Phosphosite-specific
Antibody Phosphosite: S411
Protein UniProt: P35557
Protein SigNET: GCK
Antibody Type: Polyclonal
Antibody Host Species: Rabbit
Antibody Immunogen Source: Synthetic phosphopeptide patterned after human GCK
Antibody Immunogen Sequence: GVDG(pS)VYK(βA)C
Antibody Immunogen Description: Corresponds to amino acid residues G407 to K414. S411 phosphorylation stimulates enzyme activity. This phosphorylation site in glucokinase is poorly detected by mass spectrometry (≥1 report by mass spectrometry). This human phosphosite is highly conserved in vertebrates and also found in yeast.
Production Method: The immunizing peptide was produced by solid phase synthesis on a multipep peptide synthesizer and purified by reverse-phase hplc chromatography. Purity was assessed by analytical hplc and the amino acid sequence confirmed by mass spectrometry analysis. This peptide was coupled to KLH prior to immunization into rabbits. New Zealand White rabbits were subcutaneously injected with KLH-coupled immunizing peptide every 4 weeks for 4 months. The sera from these animals was applied onto an agarose column to which the immunogen peptide was thio-linked. Antibody was eluted from the column with 0.1 M glycine, pH 2.5. Subsequently, the antibody solution was neutralized to pH 7.0 with saturated Tris.
Antibody Modification: Unconjugated. Contact KInexus if you are interest in having the antibody biotinylated or coupled with fluorescent dyes.
Antibody Concentration: 0.5 mg/ml
Storage Buffer: Phosphate buffered saline pH 7.4, 0.05% Thimerasol
Storage Conditions: For long term storage, keep frozen at -40°C or lower. Stock solution can be kept at +4°C for more than 3 months. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Product Use: Western blotting | Antibody microarray
Antibody Dilution Recommended: 2 µg/ml for immunoblotting
Antibody Species Reactivity: This antibody detects the target phosphoprotein in the following species due to conservation of amino acid sequence: Human | Chimpanzee | Rhesus Macaque | Dog | Rat | Mouse | Platypus | Chicken | Frog | Zebra fish.
Scientific Background: GCK (Hexokinase-4) is a monomeric 50 kDa protein that catalyzes the phosphorylation of hexose, such as D-glucose, D-fructose and D-mannose, to hexose 6-phosphate (D-glucose 6-phosphate, D-fructose 6-phosphate and D-mannose 6-phosphate, respectively). It catalyzes the reaction: a D-hexose + ATP = a D-hexose 6-phosphate + ADP + H+. It provides as the first step in glycolysis for the production of D-glucose 6-phosphate for the synthesis of glycogen as well as eventually pyruvate through glycolysis. Compared to other hexokinases, has a weak affinity for D-glucose, and is effective only when glucose is abundant. Mainly expressed in the cytoplasm and nucleus of pancreatic beta cells and the liver and constitutes a rate-limiting step in glucose metabolism in these tissues. In pancreas, plays an important role in modulating insulin secretion. Since insulin secretion parallels glucose metabolism and the low glucose affinity of GCK allows for change its enzymatic activity within the physiological range of glucose concentrations, GCK acts as a glucose sensor in the pancreatic beta cell. In the liver, GCK likely helps to facilitate the uptake and conversion of glucose by acting as an insulin-sensitive determinant of hepatic glucose usage. It is not inhibited by its product, glucose-6-phosphate, and is regulated by a glucokinase regulatory protein (GKRP) in the liver. Mutations in the gene encoding GK (GCK) are associated with glucose homeostasis disorders, including maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY2) and hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. This description may include information annotated by UniProt and/or Google AI.