Product Name:
ATM-pS1981
Product Number:
ab-pk526
Target Full Name: Ataxia telangiectasia mutated protein-serine kinase
Target Alias: A-T, mutated; ATA; Ataxia telangiectasia mutated; Ataxia telangiectasia mutated homolog; ATC; ATD; ATDC; Kinase ATM; TEL1; TELO1; telomere maintenance 1; MGC74674; DKFZp781A0353; MGC74674; ENSG00000149311; Telomere maintenance 1
Product Type Specific: ATM protein kinase phosphosite-specific antibody
Antibody Code: PK526
Antibody Target Type: Phosphosite-specific
Antibody Phosphosite: S1981
Protein UniProt: Q13315
Protein SigNET: ATM
Antibody Type: Polyclonal
Antibody Host Species: Rabbit
Antibody Immunogen Source: Human ATM sequence peptide Cat. No.: PE-04AIJ90
Antibody Immunogen Sequence: EEG(pS)QST(bA)C
Antibody Immunogen Description: Corresponds to amino acid residues E1978 to T1984; in the C-terminal half of the protein kinase before the FAT domain. S1981 phosphorylation stimulates phosphotransferase activity, although other reports indicate inhibition. Phosphorylation induces interaction with ATM, MDC1, NBS1, PKM and p53, and inhibits interaction with CDCA2. This is one of the major in vivo phosphorylation sites in ATM (≥28 reports from high throughput mass spectrometry studies in PhosphoSitePlus). ATM is known to be phosphorylated at this site in vitro by ATR, and ATM.
Production Method: The immunizing peptide was produced by solid phase synthesis on a multipep peptide synthesizer and purified by reverse-phase hplc chromatography. Purity was assessed by analytical hplc and the amino acid sequence confirmed by mass spectrometry analysis. This peptide was coupled to KLH prior to immunization into rabbits. New Zealand White rabbits were subcutaneously injected with KLH-coupled immunizing peptide every 4 weeks for 4 months. The sera from these animals was applied onto an agarose column to which the immunogen peptide was thio-linked. Antibody was eluted from the column with 0.1 M glycine, pH 2.5. Subsequently, the antibody solution was neutralized to pH 7.0 with saturated Tris.
Antibody Modification: Unconjugated. Contact KInexus if you are interest in having the antibody biotinylated or coupled with fluorescent dyes.
Antibody Concentration: 1 mg/ml
Storage Buffer: Phosphate buffered saline pH 7.4, 0.05% Thimerasol
Storage Conditions: For long term storage, keep frozen at -40°C or lower. Stock solution can be kept at +4°C for more than 3 months. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Product Use: Western blotting | Antibody microarray
Antibody Dilution Recommended: 2 µg/ml for immunoblotting
Antibody Species Reactivity: This antibody detects the target phosphoprotein in the following species due to conservation of amino acid sequence: Human | Chimpanzee | Mouse.
Antibody Positive Control: The observed molecular mass of the processed target protein on SDS-PAGE gels is reported to be around 320-350 kDa.
Antibody Specificity: High-very high
Antibody Cross Reactivity: Only a weak 145 kDa cross-reactive protein was detected in HeLa cells and sea star oocytes.
Related Product 1: ATM (1978-1984) pS1981 antibody blocking peptide (Cat. No.: PE-04AIJ90)
Related Product 2: ATM expression antibody (Cat. No.: AB-NK230)
Related Product 3: ATM expression antibody (Cat. No.: AB-NK230-2)
Related Product 4: ATM expression antibody (Cat. No.: AB-NK230-1)
Related Product 5: ATM expression antibody (Cat. No.: AB-NK230-3)
Related Product 6: ATM Y2969 phosphorylation antibody (Cat. No.: AB-PK527)
Scientific Background: ATM is a protein-serine/threonine kinase of the Atypical group and PIKK family. Phosphorylation at S1981 increases phosphotransferase activity and induces interaction with ATM, NBS1 and p53. It acts as a DNA damage sensor and appears to be a tumour suppressor protein (TSP). Cancer-related mutations in human tumours point to a loss of function of the protein kinase. The active form of the protein kinase normally acts to inhibit tumour cell proliferation. It regulates cell cycle progression checkpoints and induces DNA repair. It activates checkpoint signalling upon double strand breaks (DSBs), apoptosis and genotoxic stresses such as ionizing ultraviolet A light (UVA). It recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [S/T]-Q in many substrates. It phosphorylates and activates p53, while also inactivating the p53-inhibitor: MDM2. It phosphorylates S139 of the histone variant H2AX/H2AFX at double strand breaks (DSBs), which regulates the DNA damage response mechanism.. After the introduction of DNA breaks by the RAG complex on one immunoglobulin allele, ATM acts by mediating a repositioning of the second allele to pericentromeric heterochromatin, and prevents accessibility to the RAG complex and recombination of the second allele. It binds DNA ends, and it is part of the BRCA1- associated genome surveillance complex (BASC), which contains BRCA1, MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, ATM, BLM, PMS2 and the RAD50-MRE11-NBN protein complex. This association appears to be a dynamic process changing throughout the cell cycle and within subnuclear domains. DNA damage promotes association with RAD17. It also phosphorylates p53/TP53, FANCD2, NFKBIA, BRCA1, CTIP, nibrin (NBN), TERF1, RAD9 and DCLRE1C. It is involved in the activation of ABL1 and JNK. It may function in vesicle and/or protein transport, replication-dependent histone mRNA degradation as well as have roles in T-cell development, gonad and neurological function. This description may include information annotated by UniProt and/or Google AI.