Product Name:
S100A9-3
Product Number:
ab-nn459-3
Target Full Name: Protein S100-A9
Target Alias: S100 calcium-binding protein A9
Product Type Specific: MRP14 (S100A9) pan-specific antibody
Antibody Code: NN459-3
Antibody Target Type: Pan-specific
Protein UniProt: P06702
Protein SigNET: S100A9
Antibody Type: Polyclonal
Antibody Host Species: Rabbit
Antibody Immunogen Source: Synthetic peptide patterned after human S100A9
Antibody Immunogen Sequence: CASHEKMHEGDEGPGHHHKP
Antibody Immunogen Description: Corresponds to amino acid residues A89 to P107.
Production Method: The immunizing peptide was produced by solid phase synthesis on a multipep peptide synthesizer and purified by reverse-phase hplc chromatography. Purity was assessed by analytical hplc and the amino acid sequence confirmed by mass spectrometry analysis. This peptide was coupled to KLH prior to immunization into rabbits. New Zealand White rabbits were subcutaneously injected with KLH-coupled immunizing peptide every 4 weeks for 4 months. The sera from these animals was applied onto an agarose column to which the immunogen peptide was thio-linked. Antibody was eluted from the column with 0.1 M glycine, pH 2.5. Subsequently, the antibody solution was neutralized to pH 7.0 with saturated Tris.
Antibody Modification: Unconjugated. Contact KInexus if you are interest in having the antibody biotinylated or coupled with fluorescent dyes.
Antibody Concentration: 1 mg/ml
Storage Buffer: Phosphate buffered saline pH 7.4, 0.05% Thimerasol
Storage Conditions: For long term storage, keep frozen at -40°C or lower. Stock solution can be kept at +4°C for more than 3 months. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Product Use: Western blotting | Antibody microarray
Antibody Dilution Recommended: 2 µg/ml for immunoblotting
Antibody Species Reactivity: This antibody detects the target protein in the following species due to conservation of amino acid sequence: Human | Chimpanzee | Rhesus macaque.
Scientific Background: MRP14 (S100A9; calgranulin B) is a 14 kDa calcium- and zinc-binding protein of the S100 family, primarily expressed in neutrophils and monocytes. It forms a functional heterodimer with MRP8 (S100A8), playing critical roles in inflammation, leukocyte trafficking, and actin-dependent cell migration. MRP14 binds with MRP8 (S100A8) to form the MRP8/MRP14 complex, which functions as a major mediator of inflammation, often acting as a scavenger receptor ligand or damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule. MRP14 is heavily involved in regulating immune responses, particularly in promoting the recruitment of phagocytes and modulating the inflammatory microenvironment. It facilitates the migration of neutrophils and macrophages to sites of inflammation. other proinflammatory activities of MRP14 includes recruitment of leukocytes, promotion of cytokine and chemokine production, and regulation of leukocyte adhesion and migration. It stimulates innate immune cells via binding to pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (AGER). Its binding to TLR4 and AGER activates the MAP kinase and NF-kappa-B signaling pathways resulting in the amplification of the proinflammatory cascade. It has antimicrobial activity towards bacteria and fungi and exerts its antimicrobial activity probably via chelation of Zn(2+) which is essential for microbial growth. It can induce cell death via autophagy and apoptosis and this occurs through the cross-talk of mitochondria and lysosomes via reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the process involves BNIP3. As an S100 protein, it contains EF-hand motifs that bind Ca2+, which modulates its conformational changes and activity. The calcium-MRP14 complex controls microtubule polymerization, facilitating cell movement, with its activity regulated by p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Except for inflammatory conditions, the expression of MRP14 is restricted to a specific stage of myeloid differentiation since both proteins are expressed in circulating neutrophils and monocytes but are absent in normal tissue macrophages and lymphocytes. Under chronic inflammatory conditions, such as psoriasis and malignant disorders, it is also found in the epidermis. It is expressed at in high concentrations at local sites of inflammation or in the serum of patients with inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid, cystic fibrosis, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, giant cell arteritis, cystic fibrosis, Sjogren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, and progressive systemic sclerosis. It is involved in the formation and deposition of amyloids in the aging prostate known as corpora amylacea inclusions. It is strongly up-regulated in many tumours, including gastric, esophageal, colon, pancreatic, bladder, ovarian, thyroid, breast and skin cancers. This description may include information annotated by UniProt and/or Google AI.