Product Name:
ATG4D
Product Number:
ab-nn211-1
Target Full Name: Cysteine protease ATG4D
Target Alias: APG4 autophagy 4 homologue D; APG4 D; ATG4 autophagy related 4 homologue D; AUTL4; MGC31226
Product Type Specific: Autophagy protein pan-specific antibody
Antibody Code: NN211-1
Antibody Target Type: Pan-specific
Protein UniProt: Q86TL0
Protein SigNET: ATG4D
Antibody Type: Polyclonal
Antibody Host Species: Rabbit
Antibody Ig Isotype Clone: N/A
Antibody Immunogen Source: Synthetic peptide patterned after C-terminal of human ATG4D
Production Method: Peptide Affinity purified
Antibody Modification: Unconjugated. Contact KInexus if you are interest in having the antibody biotinylated or coupled with fluorescent dyes.
Antibody Concentration: 1 mg/ml
Storage Buffer: Phosphate buffered saline, 50% glycerol, 0.09% sodium azide
Storage Conditions: For long term storage, keep frozen at -40°C or lower. Stock solution can be kept at +4°C for more than 3 months. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Product Use: Western blotting
Antibody Dilution Recommended: WB (1:1000); optimal dilutions for assays should be determined by the user.
Antibody Potency: In mouse brain lysates, this antibody detects a ~52 kDa protein by Western blotting.
Antibody Species Reactivity: This antibody detects the target protein in the following species due to conservation of amino acid sequence: Human.
Antibody Specificity: High
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Scientific Background: ATG4D (Auotphagy related 4D, cysteine peptidases) belong to the autophagy-related protein 4 family of C54 endopeptidases. Members of this family play a role in the biogenesis of autophagosomes (1). ATG4D is a cysteine protease required for the cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) and autophagy. It acts as an enzyme that prepares ATG8 homologs for their role in forming autophagosomes, primarily through its ability to delipidate GABARAPL1. It cleaves the C-terminal amino acid of ATG8 family proteins MAP1LC3 and GABARAPL2, to reveal a C-terminal glycine. Exposure of the glycine at the C-terminus is essential for ATG8 proteins conjugation to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and insertion to membranes, which is necessary for autophagy. It also has an activity of delipidating enzyme for the PE-conjugated forms (2). Human ATG4D protein contains an extended N-terminus with a caspase cleavage site, a central peptidase domain, and a C-terminal BH3 domain. While generally cytoplasmic, it is enriched at the centrosome and can be targeted to the mitochondria. Bi-allelic variants of ATG4D are associated with a disorder characterized by speech and motor impairment. Pathogenic variants of ATG4D have been identified in men with non-obstructive azoospermia. High expression of ATG4D has been linked to colorectal cancer and it has been shown to facilitate proliferation and malignancy in certain cancers. This description may include information annotated by UniProt and/or Google AI.