Product Name:
ATR-2
Product Number:
ab-nk237-1
Target Full Name: Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related protein-serine kinase
Target Alias: FRAP-related protein; FRP1; MEC1; SCKL; SCKL1; CCDS3124.1; ENSG00000175054 SCKL1;
Product Type Specific: Protein kinase pan-specific antibody
Antibody Code: NK237-1
Antibody Target Type: Pan-specific
Protein UniProt: Q13535
Protein SigNET: Q13535
Antibody Type: Polyclonal
Antibody Host Species: Rabbit
Antibody Immunogen Source: Human ATR sequence peptide Cat. No.: PE-01ATD85
Antibody Immunogen Sequence: KISLKGSDGKFYIMMC
Antibody Immunogen Description: Corresponds to amino acid residues K2311 to C2326
Production Method: Corresponds to amino acid residues K2311 to C2326
Antibody Modification: Protein kinase pan-specific antibody
Antibody Concentration: 0.3 / 0.25 mg/ml
Storage Buffer: Phosphate buffered saline pH 7.4, 0.05% Thimerasol
Storage Conditions: For long term storage, keep frozen at -40°C or lower. Stock solution can be kept at +4°C for more than 3 months. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Product Use: Western blotting | Antibody microarray
Antibody Dilution Recommended: 3 µg/ml for immunoblotting
Antibody Potency: Medium immunoreactivity of a target-sized protein by Western blotting in mouse testes.
Antibody Species Reactivity: Human
Antibody Positive Control: The observed molecular mass of the processed target protein on SDS-PAGE gels is reported to be around 270-300 kDa.
Antibody Specificity: Medium-High
Antibody Cross Reactivity: No significant cross-reactive proteins detected in A431, HEK-293, HeLa, HepG2, Jurkat and MCF7 cells.
Related Product 1: ATR-2 blocking peptide
Related Product 2: ATR-3 pan-specific antibody (Cat. No.: AB-NK237-2)
Related Product 3: ATR-4 pan-specific antibody (Cat. No.: AB-NK237-3)
Related Product 4: ATR-pS435+pS436 phosphosite-specific antibody (Cat. No.: AB-PK528)
Scientific Background: ATR is a protein-serine/threonine kinase of the Atypical group and PIKK family. It functions as a DNA damage sensor, and plays a pivotal role in the regulation of the cell cycle. ATR appears to be a tumour suppressor protein; cancer-related mutations in human tumours point to a loss of function of the protein kinase. Active ATR normally acts to inhibit tumour cell proliferation. ATR levels are up-regulated 1.6-fold in human tumours compared to most other protein kinases. Loss-of-function mutations in ATR, which abolish its DNA damage detection ability, have been linked to hemangiomas. Somatic mutations in the ATR gene are rarely observed in human cancer specimens, with the possible exception of sporadic stomach and endometrial cancers that display microsatellite instability. In animal studies, mice heterozygous for a loss-of-function mutation in the ATR gene exhibit similar survival times as wild-type mice, but have an increased occurence of tumour formation. Caffeine is an inhibitor of ATR. Interestingly, caffeine exposure is known to sensitize tumours to ionizing radiation and other toxic agents, which is associated with the disruption of cell-cycle checkpoints. It works in a complex with ATRIP. ATR responds to DNA damage and replication stresses and activates proteins that mediate DNA repair. It's other roles involve checkpoint signalling by interacting with CHK1, fragile site stabilty and regulation of centrosome duplication. Upon cellular exposure to genotoxic stresses, such as ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolent light (UV), or DNA replication stalling, ATR phosphorylates BRCA1, CHEK1, MCM2, RAD17, RPA2, SMC1, and p53/TP53, which collectively function to promote cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, recombination, and potentially apoptosis.